Artificial propagation technology is still in the formative years, and our wild stocks can and should be the basis for our salmonid fisheries if we hope to have any fisheries at all in the future. Planning, especially biological planning, is the important missing ingredient in our enhancement and rehabilitation efforts. Hatcheries have been promoted without adequate consideration of the problems. Rhetoric about the benefits of hatcheries should not make us complacent about our natural streams and river systems. These diverse environments provide us with diverse stocks of salmonids. Our natural watersheds are our gene banks for salmonid fishes. Hatcheries are not a panacea. Rejuvenation of our salmon resources into thriving manageable fisheries could be accomplished through a combination of basic and applied research, stream and estuary protection, stream rehabilitation, and artificial propagation techniques. Hatcheries alone will not solve our problems. In fact improperly conceived and managed artificial propagation facilities could further deplete our salmon resources.